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John Gay, DVM PhD DACVPM AAHP FDIU VCS
Bovine Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease) Information Sources
Version 2.3 Updated April 05, 2010
Purpose:
The purpose is to provide links to on-line bovine paratuberculosis materials for students, for livestock producers and for their veterinarians. Please let me know if you find materials I've overlooked or if I've made an error. This webpage does not provide herd-specific advice and likely does not reflect the current veterinary literature or on-line materials. I have not verified the accuracy and usefulness of these items below so you must use your own judgment. If you are not qualified to do so, please discuss them with someone who is. If you are a producer, this should include being familiar with your operation and the infection situation in your herd. Inclusion does not imply endorsement nor does omission imply disapproval.
On-Line Paratuberculosis Documents: (alphabetized by source)
American Association of Bovine Practitioners
Johne's Disease - Information for Veterinarians
The American Association of Bovine Practitioners' Food Safety Committee collaborated with the National Johnes Working Group, a subcommittee of the Johne's Committee of the USAHA, linked below, to produce a series of information guides on Johne's Disease for the bovine practitioner and their clients.
American Society for Microbiology
Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis: Infrequent human pathogen or public health threat? (C Nacy, M Buckley, 2008) 41 pg pdf
Cornell Consultant (Dr. M. E. White, Cornell - references and links to other on-line materials))
For the major species and their diseases, Dr. White's site links clinical signs to the diseases with their clinical signs, a brief disease description and a list of relevant recent clinical literature with links to on-line materials.
Johne's Disease, Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in Cattle
DEFRA - UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
- Guidance on control of Johne's disease in dairy herds, 2004 - pdf
- Prevalence of Johnes disease in the UK dairy herd, 2009 - pdf
- SB4022: An integrated strategy to determine the herd level prevalence of Johne's disease in the UK dairy herd, final report, 11/09 - 214 pg. pdf
Johne's Disease - Animal Health Australia
NJDCP - National Johne’s Disease Control Program
Johne's Information Center (Dr. MT Collins, UW-Madison)
The Johne's information center is a website established by Dr. Mike Collins, an active paratuberculosis researcher for several decades.
- Articles and Brochures (collection of on-line materials)
- Healthy Cows for a Healthy Industry: Proven Practices for Johne's Disease Control and Prevention (Hoard's Dairyman, 4/10/09, pdf)
- Links (includes links to on-line state control program info)
Johne's Information Central - National Johne's Education Initiative
- Johnes Disease Q&A for Bovine Producers, 16 pg. pdf
- risk assessment and management tools
- How to do Risk Assessments and Management Plans for Johne's Disease - 14 pg pdf
- Handbook for Veterinarians and Beef Producers: A guide for Johne's disease risk assessments and management plans for beef herds - 10 pg pdf
- Handbook for Veterinarians and Dairy Producers: A guide for Johne's disease risk assessments and management plans for dairy herds - 10 pg pdf
The role of wildlife in the epidemiology of paratuberculosis
NOPDA - Northeast Organic Dairy Producers Alliance
- Johnes Disease (H. Karreman, Penn Dutch Cow Care)
OIE - Office International Des Epizooties (WHO)
- Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, (updated regularly)
PubMed - National Library of Medicine
As the National Library of Medicine indexes almost all of the scientific human medical literature and a large portion of the scientific veterinary literature and abstracts are provided for most papers that it indexes, it is an excellent resource for identifying recent publications on medical and veterinary topics and for obtaining some information from the abstracts. It also has a "Related Articles" function that you can use to identify similar papers to those that you find useful. The following are some direct searches.
United Kingdom Food Standards Agency
- Control of MAP (Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis) in milk
- Strategy for the Control of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in cows milk (pdf)
United States Animal Health Association
USAHA is a national, public non-profit organization comprised of scientists, veterinarians, industry representatives, producer organization representatives and government officials that meets annually to recommend public policy and research agendas with regard to animal health issues. Within the organization are committees that each focus on a major disease or issue.
USDA-APHIS-CVB (Center for Veterinary Biologics)
- Memorandum 800.73 - General Requirements for Immunodiagnostic Test Kits for the Detection of Antibody or Antigen, 2002 (pdf)
USDA-APHIS-NAHMS - National Animal Health Monitoring System (USDA NAHMS) - Dairy
- NAHMS Dairy 2007
- Johne's Disease on U.S. Dairies, 1991-2007 (pdf)
- NAHMS Dairy 2002: Johne's Disease on U.S. Dairy Operations (170 p. pdf)
- Johne's Disease Follow-up Study: Management Practices and Within-Herd Prevalence (info sheet, 4 p, 8/05)
- Highlights of NAHMS Johne's Disease on U.S. Dairy Operations, 2002 (info sheet, 4 p, 2/05)
- NAHMS Dairy 1996: Johne's Disease on U.S. Dairy Operations (58 p. pdf)
- Beef Cow-calf Surveys
- Beef Feedlot Surveys
- Dairy Surveys
Note the general lack of significant improvement in biosecurity practices between 1996, 2002 and 2007 as detailed under "Cow Management" and "Biosecurity" in Part II for 2002 and "Section III.G. Biosecurity" in Dairy 2007 Part II.
USDA-APHIS-VS Johne's Disease website
- Uniform Program Standards for the Voluntary Bovine Johne's Disease Control Program (APHIS 91-45-016, 2006 - pdf)
- Johne's Disease in Domestic Animals; Interstate Movement - Federal Register 65(69):18875-18879, 4/10/2000 (html pdf)
- USDA-Approved Laboratories
- 2004-2006 Subcommittee: Assessment of the Food Safety Importance of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP)
Other On-line Publications:
- Guidance on control of Johne's disease in dairy herds (2004, UK DEFRA pdf)
- Johne's Disease: A Cloud on the Horizon? (1997 proceedings - G Ollis, Alberta Ag.)
- Johne's Disease from the Veterinarian's Perspective -Part 1 (Am Jersey Cattle Assoc)
- Johne's Disease from the Veterinarian's Perspective -Part 2 (Am Jersey Cattle Assoc)
- 10 Myths About Johne's Disease: Information Dairy Producers Need to Consider, 1999 (F Garry, CSU)
On-line documents:
- A review of issues surrounding the feeding of waste milk and pasteurization of waste milk and colostrum (S Godden, 2003, pdf)
- Answers to pasteurization questions (Dairy Herd Mgmt, Nov 1999, pdf)
- Calf milk pasteurization (Bovine Vet, Nov-Dec 2001 pdf)
- Destruction of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Salmonella spp., and Mycoplasma spp. in raw milk by a commercial on-farm high-temperature, short-time pasteurizer, 2004 (J Dairy Sci 87(7):2177-83)
- Effect of heat treatment of bovine colostrum on bacterial counts, viscosity, and immunoglobulin G concentration, 2010 (J Dairy Sci 93(3):961-7)
- Feeding Waste Milk to Dairy Calves (New Mexico Extension Guide D-208, 2001, pdf html pdf2)
- Have you stopped feeding waste milk? (Moo Milk Dairy Biz, 1999, html)
- On-Farm Pasteurization of Milk for Calves (U Wisc Dairy Update, pdf)
- Waste milk, milk replacer or pasteurized waste milk (Cornell Pro-Dairy The Manager, 6/04, pdf)
Manufacturers:
Other Sites:
- Pasteurization - FSIRO: Food Safety Research Information Office - USDA
- On-Farm Pasteurization of Milk for Calves (M Jorgensen, P Hoffman, U Wisc pdf)
State Control Programs / Information Centers:
State site link collection (Johne's Information Center, Dr. Mike Collins, U Wisconsin)
New York State Cattle Health Assurance Program (massive site - static as of 2002?)
- Johne's Disease Modules
- Johne's Program for Cattle - Description
- Johne's Herd Testing in Cattle - Reference Materials
- Johne's Disease Materials Targeted for Producers and Industry
- Johne's Disease Information for the Veterinarian
- Resource Materials for Designing Johne's Disease Farm Plans
- New York Johne's Herd Status Program
- Other Johne's Disease References
International Association for Paratuberculosis - association of bovine paratuberculosis researchersVeterinary Network on Mycobacteria (static as of 2003)
Crohn's Disease and its association with Bovine Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease):
That a portion of Crohn's disease cases are associated with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is well established in the scientific literature, which is one reason for the human public health community's heightened concern about bovine paratuberculosis. What isn't definitively established but is an area of active research is whether or not the organism causes these Crohn's disease cases. Some of the following papers and sites deal with this issue.
- The Evidence for Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis in Crohn's Disease, 2008 (Current Opinion in Gasteroenterology 24(1):17-21 - Medscape html)
- Epidemiological evidence for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis as a cause of Crohn's disease (Epidemiology and Infection 135(7):1057-1068 html pdf)
- Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and Crohn's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Lancet 7(9):607-613, abstract 2007)
- CFSPH - Center for Food Security & Public Health - Iowa State U
- Paratuberculosis (Johne's) Disease and Crohn's Disease, 2007 (pdf)
- A Meta - Analytic Study on the Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from Patients with Crohn's Disease (1999, B Jayarao, Penn State)
- A Review of the Evidence for a Link between Exposure to Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis (MAP) and Crohn's Disease (CD) in Humans (70 page report of UK Food Standards Agency by E Rubery, Univ Cambridge, 2001 - pdf)
- Crohn’s Disease – Is There a Microbial Etiology? 1998 Recommendations for a Research Agenda (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, pdf)
- Crohns Canada - The Canadian Movement Against Paratuberculosis
- Mycobacterium paratuberculosis: Does it contribute to Crohn's disease? (Food Safety Authority of Ireland, 2000, pdf)
- Paratuberculosis And Crohn's Disease: Got Milk? ( M Greger Organic Consumers Association - old site static as of 2001)
- PARA - Paratuberculosis Awareness & Research Association: The Crohn's Disease Activity Center (static, 2004)
- Possible links between Crohn's disease and Paratuberculosis (European Commission Health and Consumers - Scientific Health Opinions, 2000 pdf)
wiki:
Evaluation of Evidence
Links to relevant materials on assessing evidence:
WWWeb Epidemiology & Evidence-based Medicine Sources for Veterinarians
Practical Causal Inference for Ecoepidemiologists (G Fox, J Toxicol Environ Health 33(4):359-73, 1991)
Relevant materials of mine:
- Veterinary Medicine and the Philosophy of Science
- Terminology Specific to Epidemiology (see Causality and specifically Hills-Evans Postulates)
- Clinical Study Design and Methods Terminology
- Guidelines for Assessing Professional Information
- Using a Primary Article About a DIAGNOSTIC TEST
On-line Bayes Calculators
- Bayes Analysis Model - Medical College of Wisconsin
Agri-Food Risk Management & Communication
- Bites - Kansas, Dr. Doug Powell
- Food Safety Network static - Kansas, Dr. Doug Powell
Dr. Powell's interest is the consumer's perception of risk, what they expect an industry to be doing about a risk associated with a product, their reaction to adverse publicity about a product and how an industry can prepare itself for and respond to such events.
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