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Our present research is devoted to the
analysis of the neuroanatomical and neurochemical mechanisms of
emotional behaviors (in the emerging fields of affective and social
neurosciences), with a focus on understanding how various affective
processes are evolutionarily organized in the brain, and look for
linkages to psychiatric disorders and drug addiction. We conduct
research on the brain "instinctual" mechanisms of fear, anger,
separation distress (panic), investigatory processes an anticipatory
eagerness, as well as rough-and-tumble play. We are especially
interested in how various brain neuropeptide systems regulate
emotional feelings and social bonds. Prior to the ongoing work on
emotional systems, we studied hypothalamic mechanisms of energy
balance control and neural regulation of sleep-waking states. In
addition to 300+ scientific articles (see CV below), I have
co-edited the multivolume Handbook of the Hypothalamus and of
Emotions and Psychopathology, a series in Advances in Biological
Psychiatry and most recently a Textbook of Biological Psychiatry
(Wiley, 2004), My other textbook, Affective Neuroscience: The
Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions (Oxford, 1998), has helped
inaugurate a new field of inquiry which attempts to probe the
affective infrastructure of the mammalian brain. Our working
assumption is that all of consciousness was built on affective value
systems during the long course of brain evolution.
Our research orientation is that a
detailed understanding of basic emotional systems at the neural
level will highlight the basic sources of human values and the
nature and genesis of emotional disorders in humans, as summarized
in my bio-sketch. (see
http://mind.ulusofona.pt/cv%20Panksepp.pdf).
In the 1980s we helped developed the still controversial opioid-antagonist
therapy for autistic children based on pre-clinical investigations
into brain circuits that control social behaviors (http://www.autism.org/interview/panksepp.html)
as well as the use of melatonin in regulating common sleep-waking
problems in pervasive developmental disorder (http://www.autism.org/melatonin.html).
We are pursuing new therapies for the treatment of Attention
Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD), and depression. Many of the
findings from animal models are ready to be evaluated in human
psychological research. Accordingly, we are seeking to facilitate
the development of new depth-psychological perspectives to
understanding the human mind (http://www.etatsgeneraux-psychanalyse.net/archives/texte215.html).
Our Center for the Study of Animal Well Being (http://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/depts-CSAW/
) and People-Pet Partnership Program (http://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/depts-pppp/),
are devoted to the study and improvement of animal emotional
well-being.
Please see related story in WSU Today
for more biography of Dr. Panksepp (http://www.wsutoday.wsu.edu/completestory.asp?StoryID=2979)
Complete Curriculum Vitae
The post-2000 references highlighted
below summarize our current thinking about such issues:
Theoretical Papers:
2000:
Panksepp, J. (2000). The neurodynamics of emotions: An evolutionary-neurodevelopmental
view, In eds. M.D. Lewis & I. Granic, Emotion, Self-Organization,
and Development, pp. 236-264, New York: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Panksepp J. (2000). The neuro-evolutionary
cusp between emotions and cognitions: Implications for understanding
consciousness and the emergence of a unified mind science.
Consciousness & Emotions. 1: 27-56.
Panksepp J. (2000). Emotions as
natural kinds within the mammalian brain. In: Lewis M, Haviland J,
eds. The Handbook of Emotions. 2nd ed. pp. 137-156, New York:
Guilford.
Panksepp J. (2000). Emotional
circuits of the mammalian brain: implications for biological
psychiatry. In: Bittar, E.E., Bittar, N., eds. Biological
Psychiatry. pp. 27-58, Stamford, CT: JAI Press Inc.
Panksepp J.(2000). Fear and anxiety
mechanisms of the brain: clinical implications. In: Bittar, E.E.,
Bittar, N, eds. Biological Psychiatry. pp. 157-178, Stamford, CT:
JAI Press Inc.
Panksepp, J. (2000). On preventing
another century of misunderstanding: Toward a psychoethology of
human experience and a psychoneurology of affect.
Neuro-Psychoanalysis.2: 240-255.
Panksepp J. (2000). Affective
consciousness and the instinctual motor system: the neural sources
of sadness and joy. In: Ellis R, Newton N, eds. The Caldron of
Consciousness: Motivation, Affect and Self-organization, Advances in
Consciousness Research. pp. 27-54, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub.
Co.
Panksepp J. (2000). The riddle of
laughter: neural and psychoevolutionary underpinnings of joy.
Current Directions in Psychological Sciences. 9: 183-186.
Panksepp, J. & Panksepp, J.B. (2000).
The seven sins of evolutionary psychology. Evolution & Cognition: 6:
108-131.
Panksepp, J. (2000). The cradle of
consciousness: a periconscious emotional homunclus? Neuro-Psychoanalysis.
2: 24-32.
2001:
Panksepp J. (2001). The long-term psychobiological consequences of
infant emotions: prescriptions for the 21st century. Infant Mental
Health Journal. 22: 132-173.
Panksepp J. (2001). Neuro-affective
processes and the brain substrates of emotion: emerging perspectives
and dilemmas. In: Kazniak A, ed. Emotion, Qualia, and Consciousness.
Pp. 160-180, World Scientific Pub. Co.: Singapore.
Panksepp, J. & Panksepp, J.B. (2001).
A continuing critique of evolutionary psychology: Seven sins for
seven sinners, plus or minus two. Evolution & Cognition. 7: 56-80.
Panksepp, J. (2001). On the
subcortical sources of basic human emotions and the primacy of
emotional-affective (action-perception) processes in human
consciousness. Evolution & Cognition. 7: 134-140.
Panksepp, J. (2001). The neuro-evolutionary
cusp between emotions and cognitions: Implications for understanding
consciousness and the emergence of a unified mind science. Evolution
& Cognition. 7: 141-163.
2002:
Panksepp, J., Knutson, B., & Burgdorf, J. (2002). The role of
emotional brain systems in addictions: A neuro-evolutionary
perspective. Addiction. 97: 459-469.
Knutson, B., Burgdorf, J. & Panksepp,
J. (2002). Ultrasonic vocalizations as indices of affective states
in rat. Psychological Bulletin, 128:961-977.
Panksepp, J. & Bernatzky, G. (2002).
Emotional sounds and the brain: the neuro-affective foundations of
musical appreciation. Behavioural Processes, 60: 133-155
Panksepp, J., Moskal, J., Panksepp,
J.B., & Kroes, R. (2002). Comparative approaches in evolutionary
psychology: Molecular neuroscience meets the mind.
Neuroendocrinology Letters, 23 (Suppl. 4): 105-115.
Panksepp, J. (2002). On the animalian
values of the human spirit: the foundational role of affect in
psychotherapy and the evolution of consciousness. European Journal
of Psychotherapy, Counseling and Health, 5: 1-22.
Panksepp, J. (2002). The MacLean
legacy and some modern trends in emotion research. In G.A. Cory, Jr.
& R. Gardner, Jr. Eds. The Evolutionary Neuroethology of Paul
MacLean, Praeger, Westport, CT, pp. ix-xxvii.
2003:
Panksepp, J. (2003). At the interface between the affective,
behavioral and cognitive neurosciences: Decoding the emotional
feelings of the brain. Brain and Cognition. 52: 4-14.
Panksepp, J. & Burgdorf, J. 2003.
"Laughing" rats and the evolutionary antecedents of human joy?
Physiology & Behavior, 79, 533-547.
Panksepp, J. (2003). Can
anthropomorphic analyses of "separation cries" in other animals
inform us about the emotional nature of social loss in humans?
Psychological Reviews, 110: 376-388.
Panksepp, J. (2003). The neural
nature of the core SELF: implications for understanding
schizophrenia. Kircher & David, The Self in Neuroscience and
Psychiatry, pp. 197-213. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, UK.
Panksepp, J. & Watt, D. (2003). The
ego is first and foremost a body ego. Review of Antonio Damasio’s
Looking for Spinoza. Neuro-Psychoanalysis, 5: 201-215.
Panksepp, J. (2003). Feeling the pain
of social loss. Science, 302: 237-239.
Panksepp, J. (2003). An archeology of
mind: The ancestral sources of human feelings. Soundings, LXXXVI,
41-69.
Panksepp, J. (2003). Commentary on
"Understanding addictive vulnerability": Toward a comprehensive
psychobiological theory of addictions. Neuro-Psychoanalysis, 5:
21-29.
Panksepp,
J. (2003). Trennungsschmerz als mogliche ursache fur panikattacken—
neuropsychologische Uberlegungen und Befunde.
Personlichkeitsstorungen: Theorie und therapie, 7: 245-251.
Panksepp, J. (2003). The peri-conscious
substrates of affective consciousness. PSYCHE, 9(15),
http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/symposia/mangan/panksepp.html
2004:
Schutter, D.J.L.G., Van Honk, J., & and Panksepp, J. (2004)
Introducing repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and
its property of causal inference in investigating the brain-function
relationship. Synthese. 141, 155-173
Panksepp, J. (2004). Biological
psychiatry sketched: past, present, future. In Panksepp J (ed)
Textbook of Biological Psychiatry, pp. 3-32. Wiley, New York.
Liotti, M., & Panksepp, J. (2004). On
the neural nature of human emotions and implications for biological
psychiatry. In Panksepp J (ed) Textbook of Biological Psychiatry,
pp. 33-74. Wiley, New York.
Deak, T., & Panksepp, J. (2004).
Stress, sleep and sexuality in psychiatric disorders. In Panksepp J
(ed) Textbook of Biological Psychiatry, pp. 111-144. Wiley, New
York.
Peterson, B. & Panksepp, J. (2004).
The biological psychiatry of childhood disorders. In Panksepp J (ed)
Textbook of Biological Psychiatry, pp. 393-436. New York, Wiley.
Panksepp, J. (2004). The emerging
neuroscience of fear and anxiety disorders. In Panksepp J (ed)
Textbook of Biological Psychiatry, pp. 489-520. New York, Wiley.
Panksepp, J., Harro, J. (2004). The
future of neuropeptides in biological psychiatry and emotional
psychopharmacology: Goals and strategies. In Panksepp J (ed)
Textbook of Biological Psychiatry, pp. 627-660. New York, Wiley.
Panksepp, J. (2004). Basic affects
and the instinctual emotional systems of the brain: The primordial
sources of sadness, joy, and seeking. In. Feelings and Emotions: The
Amsterdam Symposium, pp. 174-193, Edited by A.S.R. Manstead, N.
Frijda, & A. Fischer, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Panksepp, J. (2004). Affective
consciousness and the origins of human mind: A critical role of
brain research on animal emotions. Impuls, 57, 47-60.
Panksepp, J., Nocjar, C., Burgdorf,
J., Panksepp, J.B. & Huber, R. (2004), The role of emotional systems
in addiction: A neuroethological perspective. In. R.A. Bevins & M.T.
Bardo (eds.) 50th Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Motivational
Factors in the Etiology of Drug Abuse, Lincoln: Nebraska. Pp.
85-126.
Panksepp, J. & Zellner, M. (2004).
Towards a neurobiologically based unified theory of aggression.
Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale/International Review of
Social Psychology. 17, 37-61.
Panksepp, J. (1989/2004). Altruism
and helping behaviors, neurobiology. In G. Adelman & B.H. Smith
(Eds.) Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, 3rd edition. Elsevier, New
York.
Ciompi, L. & Panksepp, J. (2004).
Energetic effects of emotions on cognitions— complementary
psychobiological and psychosocial finding. In R. Ellis & N. Newton (eds).
Consciousness & Emotions, Vol. 1. pp. 23-55, John Benjamins,
Amsterdam.
Panksepp, J. (2004). Emotions and
affective experience. In M. Bekoff (ed.) Encyclopedia of Animal
Behavior, Vol. 2, (pp. 548-554). Greenwood Press. Westport, CT.
Panksepp, J. & Smith Pasqualini, M.
(2004). Development of emotional systems. In. J. Nadel & R. Muir
(Eds.). Emotional Development, (pp. 5-30) Oxford University Press.
2005:
Panksepp, J. (2005). Affective consciousness: Core emotional
feelings in animals and humans. Consciousness & Cognition, 14,
19-69.
Panksepp, J. (2005). Toward a science
of ultimate concern. Consciousness & Cognition, 14, 70-77.
Panksepp, J. (2005). Feelings of
social loss: The evolution of pain and the ache of a broken heart.
In R. Ellis & N. Newton (eds). Consciousness & Emotions, Vol. 1. pp.
23-55, John Benjamins, Amsterdam.
Panksepp, J. (2005). Why Does
Separation-distress Hurt?: A Comment on MacDonald and Leary.
Psychological Bulletin, 131: 224-230.
Panksepp, J. (2005). On the emotional
dynamics of the whole organism and its parts, (Commentary on Lewis
target article) Behavioral and Brain Sciences, in press.
Panksepp, J. & Moskal, J. (2005).
Schizophrenia: The elusive disease. (Commentary on Burns target
article) Behavioral and Brain Sciences, in press.
Panksepp, J. (2005). Free will and
the varieties of affective and conative selves (Commentary on Wegner
target article) Behavioral and Brain Sciences, in press.
Panksepp, J. (2005). Social support
and pain: How does the brain feel the ache of a broke heart. Journal
of Cancer Pain & Symptom Palliation, 1, 59-65.
Panksepp, J. (2005). Affective and
social neuroscience approaches to understanding core emotional
feelings. In Mental Health and Well-being in Animals. F. McMillan,
ed. In press, Iowa State University Press: Ames, Iowa.
Panksepp, J. (2005). On the embodied
neural nature of core emotional affects. Journal of Consciousness
Studies, 12, 161-187.
Panksepp, J. (2005). On the primal
nature of affective consciousness: What are the relations between
emotional awareness and affective experience? Neuro-Psychoanalysis,
7, 40-55.
Panksepp, J. (2005). On the neuro-evolutionary
nature of social pain, support, and empathy. In Pain: New Essays on
Its Nature & the Methodology of Its Study. M. Aydede (ed.) pp.
367-387. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
2006:
Burgdorf, J. & Panksepp, J (2006). The neurobiology of positive
emotions. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 30, 173-187.
Northoff, G., Henzel, A., de Greck,
M., Bermpohl, F., Dobrowolny, H., & Panksepp, J. (2006).
Self-referential processing in our brain—A meta-analysis of imaging
studies of the self. Neuroimage, In press.
Panksepp, J. (2006). Emotional
endophenotypes in evolutionary psychiatry. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology
& Biological Psychiatry. In Press.
Panksepp, J. & Moskal, J. (2006).
Dopamine, pleasure and appetitive eagerness: An emotional systems
overview of the trans-hypothalamic ‘reward’ system in the genesis of
addictive urges. In The Cognitive, Behavioral and Affective
neurosciences in Psychiatric Disorders. Ed. D. Barch, in press,
Oxford University Press: New York.
Research papers:
2000:
Burgdorf, J. & Panksepp, J.
(2000). Anticipation of rewarding electrical brain stimulation
evokes ultrasonic vocalizations in rats. Behavioral Neuroscience,
114: 320-327.
Panksepp, J. & Burgdorf, J. (2000).
50k-Hz chirping (laughter?) in response to conditioned and
unconditioned tickle-induced reward in rats: effects of social
housing and genetic variables. Behavioral Brain Research, 115, pp.
25-38.
2001:
Burgdorf, J. & Panksepp, J.
(2001). Tickling induces reward in adolescent rats. Physiology &
Behavior, 72: 167-173.
Burgdorf, J., Knutson, B., Panksepp,
J., & Shippenberg, T. (2001). Evaluation of rat ultrasonic
vocalizations as predictors of the conditioned aversive effects of
drugs. Psychopharmacology, 155, 35-42.
Panksepp, J., Burgdorf, J. & Gordon,
N. (2001). Toward a genetics of joy: Breeding rats for "laughter."
In A. Kazniak (ed.) Emotion, Qualia, and Consciousness. Pp. 124-136,
World Scientific: Singapore.
Burgdorf, J., Knutson, B., Panksepp,
J., & Ikemoto, S. (2001). Nucleus accumbens amphetamine
microinjections unconditionally elicit 50 kHz ultrasonic
vocalizations in rats. Behavioral Neuroscience, 115: 940-944.
2002:
Nocjar, C. & Panksepp, J.
(2002). Chronic intermittent amphetamine pretreatment enhances
future appetitive behavior for drug-, food- and sexual-reward:
Interaction with environmental variables. Behavioural Brain
Research, 128, 189-203.
Gordon, N.S., Kollack-Walker, S.,
Akil, H. & Panksepp, J. (2002). Expression of c-fos gene activation
during rough and tumble play in juvenile rats. Brain Research
Bulletin. 57: 651-659.
Panksepp, J., Burgdorf, J., Gordon,
N. & Turner, C. (2002). Treatment of ADHD with methylphenidate may
sensitize brain substrates of desire. Consciousness & Emotion, 3:
7-19.
2003:
Scott, E. & Panksepp, J. (2003). Rough-and-tumble play in human
children. Aggressive Behaviour. 29: 539-551.
Panksepp, J., Burgdorf, J., Gordon,
N. & Turner, C. (2003). Modeling ADHD-type arousal with unilateral
frontal cortex damage in rats and beneficial effects of play
therapy. Brain and Cognition. 52: 97-105.
Gordon, N.S., Burke, S., Akil, H.,
Watson, J., & Panksepp, J. (2003). Socially induced brain
fertilization: Play promotes brain derived neurotrophic factor
expression. Neuroscience Letters. 341, 17-20.
Schutter, D.J.L.G., Van Honk, J.,
D’Alfonso, A.A.L., Peper, J.S., and Panksepp, J., (2003). High
frequency rTMS over the medial cerebellum induces a shift in the
prefrontal EEG gamma spectrum: A pilot study, Neuroscience Letters.
336: 73-76.
Panksepp, J., & Gordon, N. (2003).
The instinctual basis of human affect: Affective imaging of laughter
and crying. Consciousness & Emotion, 4: 197-206.
Davis, K.L., Panksepp, J. &
Normansell, L. (2003). The affective neuroscience personality
scales: Normative data and implications. Neuro-Psychoanalysis, 5:
21-29.
2004:
Panksepp, J., Burgdorf, J.,
Beinfeld, M.C., Kroes, R.A. & Moskal, J.R. (2004). Regional brain
cholecystokinin changes as a function of friendly and aggressive
social interactions in rats. Brain Research, 1025, 75—84.
Reuter, M., Panksepp, J., Schnabel,
N., Kellerhoff, N., Kempel, P., Hennig, J. (2004). Personality and
biological markers of creativity. European Journal of Personality,
In Press.
Reuter, M., Hennig, J., and Panksepp,
J., (2004). Initial evidence for molecular genetic validations of
the affective neuroscience personality theory. Journal of Individual
Differences, In Press.
2005:
Burgdorf, J., Panksepp, J.,
Brudzynski, S.M . & Moskal, J.R. (2005). Breeding for 50-kHz
positive affective vocalizations in rats. Behavior Genetics, 35,
67-72.
Halberg, F., Cornelissen, G.,
Panksepp, J., Otsuka, K. & Johnson, D. (2005). Chronomics of autism
and suicide. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 59, S100-S108.
Gordon, N.S., Panksepp, J., Dennis,
M. & McSweeny, J. (2005). The instinctual basis of human affect:
Affective and fMRI imaging of laughter and crying. Neuro-Psychoanalysis,
7, 215-217.
2006:
Kroes, R.A., Panksepp, J.,
Burgdorf, J., Otto, N.J., & Moskal, J.R. (2006). Social
dominance-submission gene expression patterns in rat neocortex.
Neuroscience, 137, 37-49.
Burgdorf, J. & Panksepp, J (2006).
The neurobiology of positive emotions. Neuroscience and
Biobehavioral Reviews, 30, 173-187.
Burgdorf, J., Panksepp, J., Beinfeld,
M.C., .Kroes, R.A. & Moskal, J.R. (2006). Regional brain
cholecystokinin changes as a function of rough-and-tumble play
behavior in adolescent rats. Peptides. 27, 172-177.
Deak, T. & Panksepp, J. (2006). Play
behavior in rats pretreated with scopolamine: increased play
solicitation by the non-injected partner. Physiology & Behavior, 87:
120-125.
Biographical Information
Born in Tartu, Estonia, Jaak Panksepp has authored
and/or edited nine (9) books and over 330 journal
articles and reviews. THe received his Ph.D.
in 1969 from University of Massachusetts (Amherst),
did two years of post-doctoral work in nutrition and
body energy balance at the School of Biology,
University of Sussex, and a year in sleep physiology
at the Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology
(Massachusetts), before joining the Department of
Psychology at Bowling Green State University (Ohio).
In January of 2006 he joined the WSU College of
Veterinary Medicine and Department of VCAPP and CSAW
as the Baily Endowed Chair of Animal Well-Being
Science.
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