| CD121b | IL-1R; Type2, CDw121b |
| Molecule Type | Antigen Expression | Molecular Weight Min / Max |
| Non-lineage Restricted Molecule Type 1 glycoprotein | B Cell Monocyte Macrophage Neutrophil T Cell Skin Epithelium Basal Cell | 60 / 60 68 / 68 |
Expression | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CD121b is predominantly expressed on B cells, monocytes, macrophages, basal cells in the epithelium of the skin, female reproductive tract, ureter and neutrophils. CD121b mRNA is present on a number of cells, including T cells. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Structure | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MOLECULAR FAMILY NAME: Belongs to the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. CD121b is a single-pass type-1 glycoprotein. It contains a 336 aa extracellular domain which contains 3 Ig-like C2-type domains and 5 N-glycosylation sites, a 20 aa transmembrane domain and a short 29 aa cytoplasmic domain. The N-terminal IgSF domains of CD121b are encoded by an exon with the normal phase 1 intron/exon boundary at the N-terminus, but with an unusual phase 2 intron predicted between the F and G strands rather than after the G strand. A soluble form is produced by proteolysis particularly after cell stimulation. Soluble CD121b is present at very low concentration and has no biological function has been attritbuted to it. CD121b has a 28% aa sequence identity with CD121a. MOLECULAR MASS
POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL MODIFICATION: No information. POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION: No information. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ligands | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LIGANDS AND MOLECULES ASSOCIATED WITH CD121b CD121b binds IL-1β with a hig affinity and has low affinity for IL-1α and IL-1ra ( Il-1 receptor antagonists). A 2nd subunit of the IL-1R complex has been cloned from mouse 3T3-L1 cells, the widely expressed IL-1R AcP. There is an ~25% overall sequence homology between mouse IL-1R AcP and CD121b from human, mouse and rat. There is an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) that inhibits the function of IL-1 in vivo and in vitro by binding to CD121b. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Function | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CD121b appears to be dispensable as a negative regulator for IL-1 signaling and unlike CD121a, acts as a decoy receptor that inhibits the activity of its ligands and reduces the effective concentration of IL-1β. It may play a role in the preventing toxicity in the presence of excessive systemic IL-1β producing cells from excessive autocrine stimulation. IL-4 is reported to antagonize the activity of IL-1 by inducing the expression and release of this cytokine. BIOCHEMICAL ACTIVITY: No information DISEASE RELEVANCE OF AND FUNCTION OF CD121b IN INTACT ANIMAL CD121b reduced levels of mRNA in the endometrium of women suffering from endometriosis revealing a profound defect in gene expression with reduced capability of endometrial tissue to downregulate IL-1 activity. CD121b has the potential to be used as an anti-inflammatory agent and may be more effective that soluble CD121a as it has a low affinity for the IL-1 receptor antagonist IL-ra. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vaccinia virus contains an open reading frame with strong resemblance to a soluble form of CD121b. The ST2 antigen, also termed T1 or Fit-1,) has an ~25% aa sequence identity to CD121b. The extracellular region of ST2 contains 3 C2 IgSF domains and the molecule exists in both a soluble and membrane bound form. ST2 does not appear to function as a receptor for either IL-1a, IL-1b or IL-1ra, but binds to a cell surface ligand expressed by a range of cell types. MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS- PROTEINS AND DNA ELEMENTS WHICH REGULATE TRANSCRIPTION OF CD121b: No information. SUBSTRATES: No information. ENZYMES WHICH MODIFY CD121b: No information. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Database accession numbers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revised June 25, 2008
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